02 / ARCHIVE

Archive

Browse every note, from the newest experiments back to the earliest research.

147 posts
2026
2025

9 How to Evaluate the Fine-Tuning Process

What is LOSS? LOSS is a differentiable mathematical function that quantifies the error between a model’s predictions and the ground truth. A larger value indicates a larger error. Note that loss is not necessarily related to the actual effectiveness of model fine-tuning; it is only used to observe whether the fine-tuning process is proceeding normally. During fine-tuning, it serves as the optimization objective, guides parameter updates, evaluates training performance, and helps determine when to stop training.

2 min readRead article
2023

OAuth 2.0 Authentication and Attack Surface

0x00 Prerequisites: I have recently been testing issues related to my company’s OAuth authentication and needed to familiarize myself with it again, so I decided to write about it. 0x01 OAuth 2.0 Concepts: OAuth is an open web standard for authorization and is currently the most common and widely used authorization protocol. Where is OAuth 2.0 used? It is actually very common…

9 min readRead article

Incident Response / Scanning Linux with D-Shield via a Mounted Drive

0x00 Scanning Linux with D-Shield via a Mounted Drive This method solves the problem of being unable to use D-Shield to detect and remove webshells on Linux. Mount the Linux file system on Windows over SSH, and then scan it. 0x01 Environment Setup Install D-Shield D-Shield is commonly used during incident response to scan for Webshells. D-Shield download address: D-Shield Firewall \(d99ne…

1 min readRead article
2022
2021

Quickly Master Go’s Distinctive Syntax—Basic Syntax

0x00 Background — Intended primarily for developers who want to learn Golang quickly and at low cost, focusing on the syntax, usage, and concepts that distinguish it from other languages. Familiarity with a backend language is recommended, as programming concepts are transferable; experienced developers can quickly get started by learning Go’s unique features. Each topic below is explained through comments alongside code examples.

10 min readRead article

Reproducing an Unauthorized Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in an OA System’s ajax.do Endpoint to Get a Shell

0x00 Introduction: OA A8 is a popular collaborative management application widely used by medium-sized and large enterprises and organizations. Because certain endpoints in older versions can be accessed without authorization and some functions have insufficient filtering, attackers can craft malicious requests to bypass authentication and upload malicious script files without logging in, thereby taking control of the server. 0x01 Affected Versions: OA V8.0, OA V7.1…

2 min readRead article
2020

WebLogic (CVE-2020-14882, CVE-2020-14883) Management Console Unauthenticated Remote Command Execution Vulnerability

On October 29, 2020, 360CERT detected a critical WebLogic Console HTTP protocol code execution vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2020-14882 and CVE-2020-14883, with a CVSS score of 9.8. A remote attacker can craft a special HTTP request to take control of WebLogic and execute arbitrary code without authentication.

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Self-Studying Java Code Auditing: Reflection

0x00 Introduction: This article records and shares the author’s approach to self-studying Java code auditing, making it easier to summarize and reflect on the learning process in the future. If the author ultimately gains meaningful knowledge, the ideas will be reorganized to provide other self-learners with a useful path forward, leading to this series on self-studying Java code auditing. The article begins with P Niu’s discussion of Java security.

6 min readRead article

Red Team Arsenal: Reproducing RCE Exploits for All Fastjson Vulnerabilities Below 1.2.68

0x01 Vulnerability Introduction: Fastjson is an open-source JSON parser developed by Alibaba. Its excellent performance has led to widespread use in Java projects from major vendors. Fastjson introduced a deserialization whitelist after version 1.2.24, but in versions earlier than 1.2.48, attackers can bypass whitelist checks using specially crafted JSON strings and successfully execute arbitrary commands. 0x02 Affected Versions…

5 min readRead article

Linux Internal Network Host Information Gathering Quick-Reference Checklist

A quick reference for gathering information from a Linux host on an internal network, covering system type, network details, sensitive files, kernel versions, users, processes, network interfaces, services, configurations, logs, command history, software, locally stored SSH keys, Linux backdoor generation, Metasploit configuration, exploit listeners, and scanning.

3 min readRead article
2019